The spinal column is made up of 26 bones: 24 unique vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx (tail bone)—located at the end of the backbone. The Vertebrae appear to be chained together and form the backbone (spine). The lumbar spine are the disks L1 through L5 of the lower back.
The hip joint is one of the largest joints in the body and is a major weight-bearing joint. Weight bearing stresses on the hip during walking can be 5 times a person’s body weight. A healthy hip can support your weight and allow you to move without pain.
The shoulder joint is not a single joint, but a complex arrangement of bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons that is better called the shoulder girdle. The primary function of the shoulder girdle is to provide strength and range-of-motion to the arm.
Let’s look at a normal knee joint in order to understand how the parts—anatomy—work together—function—and how knee problems can occur. Let’s define some common anatomic terms as they relate to the knee.
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