A vascular surgeon is a medical doctor who performs operations on the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs. This also includes surgeons who can be called cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, general thoracic surgeons, and congenital heart surgeons.

Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. Protologist is an outdated term.

Podiatrist. Podiatry is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower leg.

Plastic surgery is the medical specialty that treats the correction or restoration of form and function. Most people think plastic surgeons only perform aesthetic surgery. Plastic surgery also includes many types of reconstructive surgery (cleft palate), hand surgery (carpal tunnel release), microsurgery, and the treatment of for burns (skin grafts).

Thoracic Surgeon. A thoracic surgeon is a medical doctor who performs operations on the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest. This also includes surgeons who can be called cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, general thoracic surgeons, and congenital heart surgeons.

Orthopedics is the medical specialty that focuses on injuries and diseases of your body’s musculoskeletal system. This complex system includes your bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves.

Orthopedists care for patients of all ages, from newborns with clubfeet to young athletes requiring arthroscopic surgery to older people with arthritis. And anybody can break a bone.

In addition to seeing patients and delivering babies, OB/GYNs (obstetrician/gynecologist) also perform “female surgery.” Some surgeries are done in the office (cryosurgery), some are done as part of delivering a baby (cesarean or episiotomy), and the others are diagnostic (breast biopsy) or for repairs (stress incontinence).

A neurosurgeon is commonly called a brain surgeon. Below is an alphabetical list of surgeries performed by neurosurgeons.

Aneurysm Repair
Carotid Artery Endarterectomy
Craniotomy
Disk Removal, Ruptured (laminectomy)
Endovascular Surgery
Spinal Tap (lumbar puncture)
Sympathectomy

Resources
Congress of Neurological Surgeons

A cardiovascular surgeon is commonly known as a heart surgeon and the most common surgery they are known for is bypass surgery, also called CABG (coronary artery bypass graft). The image shown is of a CABG surgery. They also do stents, pacemakers, heart valve repairs, and replacements. And when the heart fails, they can give you a new one with a heart transplant.

The following is an alphabetical list of operations performed by a general surgeon.